EFFICACY OF MEDICAL REHABILITATION FOR PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC INJURY CONSEQUENCES AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

DELYAN ARTUR M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2328-7679; Chief Physician, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: gkb7@bk.ru

BODROVA RESEDA A., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3540-0162; Dr. sc. med., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Kazan State Medical Academy, 36 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Chief Medical Rehabilitation Consultant at the Ministry of Health of RT, 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: bodrovarezeda@yandex.ru

AKHMETOVA GUSEL I., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3540-0162; Head of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation for Patients with CNS/PNS/Musculoskeletal Disorders, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: akhmeguzel@yandex.ru

VAGIZOVA AYSYLU M., ORCID ID: 0009-0009-4677-4785.; Head of the Unified Routing Center, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: vagizova.aysilu@yandex.ru

GALIMULLINA INDIRA I., ORCID ID: 0009-0001-9059-3553; Resident Physician at the Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Kazan State Medical Academy, 36 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Physician at City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: indira18.03.98@yandex.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Musculoskeletal and connective-tissue disorders rank the third among diseases leading to primary disablement among adults in the Republic of Tatarstan. They are characterized by long healing periods and contractures. Timely rehabilitation of patients allows preventing many complications and restoring their former activity levels. Aim: To assess changes in the medical rehabilitation for patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020-2022. Materials and Methods. Clinical and expert-assessment statistical processing techniques, generalization method, and comparative analysis were used to process the data of patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders, who underwent medical rehabilitation in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020-2022. We also used the statistical data made available by the Head Of ce of Medical and Social Expert Assessment in the Republic of Tatarstan at the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 9 software. Quantitative variables are presented as medians and quartiles, while the qualitative one as percentages. Comparative analysis (for dependent samples) was based on identifying the statistical signi cance of differences between indicators using Wilcoxon criterion. Differences at p < 0.05 were considered statistically signi cant. Results and Discussion. In 2022, there was a 49-% increase in the number of patients who were provided with medical rehabilitation in the Republic of Tatarstan, including a 69-% increase in the number of patients with diseases relating to musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. Number of rst-declared disabled people (disability group 3) decreased by 3.8% in 2022, since as medical rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders increased by 42% in inpatient hospital conditions and by 76% in outpatient and polyclinic conditions in 2022. Conclusions. Increasing number of patients with musculoskeletal and connective-tissue disorders, who had undergone medical rehabilitation at the inpatient and outpatient stages, led to a decrease in the number of rst-declared enabled people (disability group 3) by 3.8%. Thissubstantiates the need for further development of medical rehabilitation in traumatology and orthopedics to preservethe labor potential, stabilize the disability levels, return the patient to social and domestic activities, and create optimal conditions for their active engagement in social activities and health resumption.

Keywords: medical rehabilitation, patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders, trauma pro le.

For references: Delyan АМ, Bodrova RA, Akhmetova GI еt al. Ef cacy of medical rehabilitation for patients with traumatic injury consequences and musculoskeletal disorders in the republic of tatarstan. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(6):: 7-13. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).7-13.

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 IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES ON ACID-FORMING AND MOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE STOMACH

GALIKHANOVA YULIA I., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0005-4925; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Internal Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 281 Kommunarov str., 426034 Izhevsk, Russia; Physician at the Pulmonology Department, First Republican Clinical Hospital, 57 Votkinskoe Highway, 426039, Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia; e-mail: galihanova_julia@mail.ru

SHKLYAEV ALEXEY E., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2281-1333; Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 281 Kommunarov str., 426034 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia; e-mail: shklyaevaleksey@gmail.com

PANTYUKHINA ANGELINA S., ORCID ID: 0009-0004-3352-0907; Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department f Internal Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 281 Kommunarov str., 426034 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia; e-mail: pantyukhina1985@yandex.ru

DUDAREV VALERY M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5840-461Х; Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 281 Kommunarov str., 426034 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia; e-mail: flatly@yandex.ru

KAZARIN DANIIL D., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1223-0316, Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 281 Kommunarov str., 426034 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia; e-mail: ddkazarin@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Currently, the use of electronic cigarettes is becoming the most popular with and widespread among young people. In Russia, one third of electronic cigarettes consumers are people aged 18 to 29 years. The impact of vaping on various body organs and systems is still understudied now. The aim of our study is to investigate the acid-forming and motor functions of the stomach in people consuming electronic cigarettes. Materials and methods.The study involved 54 people, of which 27 were consumers of electronic cigarettes, all without any diagnosed organic diseases in their digestive systems. The severity of gastroenterological symptoms was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, while motor and acid-forming functions of the stomach were assessed according to pH-impedance measurements. The ndings were processed statistically using nonparametric tests with the Microsoft Of ce Excel 2013 and Statistica 10.0 computer programs. Results and discussions. Vaping participants had signi cantly more gastrointestinal symptoms according to the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale as compared to their non-smoking peers. In the group of subjects consuming electronic cigarettes, there was a greater number of pathological gastroesophageal re uxes and increased acidity in the lower esophagus and stomach as compared to the control group. Conclusions. Our ndings indicate the adverse effects provided by electronic cigarettes on the functional activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

 DIGITAL RESOURCES IN PREDICTION OF PREECLAMPSIA AND FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION

GANEEVA ALBINA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1971-9141; Web of Science Researcher ID: GNP-3961-2022; SPIN-code: 4106-9047; Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Prof. V.S. Gruzdev, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, e-mail: a.v.ganeeva@gmail.com

KAPELYUSHNIK POLINA L., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1884-8248; Web of Science Researcher ID: GNP-4642-2022; SPIN-code: 7574-5264; doctor of City Clinical Hospital No. 7, 54 Chuikova str., Kazan, Russia, e-mail: pkapelyushnik@inbox.ru

Abstact. Introduction. Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are pregnancy complications related to Great Obstetrical Syndromes and having a similar pathogenesis. No antipathogenetic therapy methods have been found for both pathologies, but there is a means of prevention: Acetylsalicylic acid. The drug is effective only in high-risk pregnant women; therefore, various models are being developed to predict preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, including digital models. They aim to help select patients who need that prophylaxis. Aim. This study is aiming tocreate a digital model for the early prediction of preeclampsia, based on the patient’s electronic medical card. Materials and Methods. The investigation involved 231 pregnant women. An algorithm was developed for the early prediction of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, based on detecting a combination of systemic and local hemodynamic markers: High variability of blood pressure between visits (long-term variability) and high resistance of blood ow in uterine arteries. Long-term (intervisit) variability of blood pressure is calculated for each trimester: First, the arithmetic mean is calculated among the values of systolic blood pressure at successive visits; second, the standard deviation is computed based on the result. Uterine arteries are checked using Doppler ultrasound technology at 11-13 weeks of gestation: Resistivity of blood ow (peripheral resistivity) in the right and left uterine arteries is assessed. Results and Discussion. For this new prediction algorithm, a digital model was developed, the ECAPP program (registration certi cate No. 2018660666 – Electronic Prenatal Record with assessing the risk of developing preeclampsia based on blood pressure variability and uterine blood ow resistance). Conclusions. The IT resource presented has a potential for the effective early prediction of preeclampsia, as well as for predicting fetal growth restriction.

Keywords: preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, prognosis, digital model.

For reference: Ganeeva AV, Kapelyushnik PL. Digital resources in prediction of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023; 16(6): 19-24. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).19-24.

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 IMPACT OF THE SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM OF GENES IL1β, EDN1, AND NOS3 GENES ON THE INDIVIDUAL GENETIC PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

ZAKHARYAN ELENA A., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7384-9705, Scopus ID: 57216831737, SPIN-code: 6221-9905, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295006 Simferopol, Russia; email: locren@yandex.ru

GRITSKEVICH OLGA YU., ORCID ID: Junior Researcher at the Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 5/7 Lenin Boulevard, 295006 Simferopol, Russia; e-mail: sudmedma@mail.ru

Abstracts. Introduction. Coronary heart disease prevalence rate grows, which determines the importance of researchers’ inquiries aiming to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this pathology. Aim. This studywas aimed at identifying the associations of polymorphisms of genes interleukin 1-beta, endothelin-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in patients with coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods. We studied polymorphic markers of endothelin-1 (rs5370), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (rs2070244), and interleukin 1-beta genes (rs1143634 and chain reaction with electrophoretic detection. Odds ratio (OR) was used to state the association of genotypes with the disease; 95% con dence interval limits were calculated to assess the signi cance of OR. Results and Discussion.Analysis of the T-511C polymorphism in the interleukin 1-beta gene demonstrated a trend towards an increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with the TT genotype in the study group (Odds ratio=2.2, 95%. Con dence interval: 1.3-3.6). At the same time, the CC genotype can be associated with a protective effect (Odds Ratio=0.3, 95%. Con dence Interval: 0.2-0.6). When analyzing the C3953T polymorphism in the interleukin 1-beta gene, the TT genotype showed a signi cantly increased disease development risk within the pathology under study (Odds Ratio=6.4, 95%. Con dence Interval: 1.7-23.4). Analysis of the polymorphic marker C786T in the NOS3 gene showed a correlation between the TT genotype and susceptibility to coronary heart disease (Odds ratio=2.07, 95%. Con dence interval: 1.3-3.2), while the CC genotype showed a protective effect (Odds ratio=0.3, 95%. Con dence interval: 0.2-0.5). A similar result was obtained in an experiment with the Lys198Asn polymorphism in the endothelin-1 gene. TT genotype showed an association with the increased risk of coronary heart disease (Odds ratio=6.5, 95%. Con dence Interval: 3.4-12.4). Odds ratio analysis of the effect of heterozygotes showed no risk of coronary heart disease (Odds ratio=0.3, 95%. Con dence Interval: 0.1-0.5).Conclusions. This study allowed us to nd an association between the polymorphic markers of genes endothelin-1 (rs5370), eNOS (rs2070244), and interleukin-1β (rs114634 and rs16944) and the coronary heart disease risk in the population, which may be useful for both strati cation and selection of further therapeutic strategies.

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УДК: 616.24-002.5-053.2-053.8:616.24-002.5

DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).37-45

 AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES OF FORMING NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

MORDYK ANNA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6196-7256; Dr. sc. med., Professor, Head of the Department of Phthisiology, Phthisiosurgery and Infectious Diseases, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenin str., 644099 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: amordik@mail.ru

ZOLOTOV ALEXANDER N., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6775-323Х; Cand. sc. med., Senior Researcher of the Central Research Laboratory, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathophysiology, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenin str., 644099 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: azolotov@mail.ru

NOVIKOV DMITRIJ G., ORCID ID: 000-0002-4339-2222; Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Head of the Central Research Laboratory, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenin str., 644099 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: novikov.dm.omsk@gmail.com

ROMANOVA MARIYA А., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1775-607X; Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Phthisiology, Phthisiosurgery and Infectious Diseases, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenin str., 644099 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: rmari1@mail.ru

INDUTNY ANTON V., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1951-5824; D. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, including Postgraduate Training Courses, Omsk State Medical University, 15/1 20 let RKKA str., 644001 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: anton@indutny.com

KIRICHENKO NIKOLAJ А., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8411-0973; Junior Researcher at the Central Research Laboratory, Omsk State Medical University, 15/1 20 let RKKA str., 644001 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: honomer_1608@mail.ru

PTUKHIN ALEXANDER О., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2830-161Х; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Phthisiology, Phthisiosurgery and Infectious Diseases, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenin str., 644099 Omsk, Russia, e-mail: ptuhin. aleksandr@gmail.com

Abstracts. Introduction. Forming a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) from DNA (NETosis) is considered as a potentially signi cant marker in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, there is practically a lack of data regarding the age-related differences in forming extracellular traps in research publications. Aim. To determine the age-related differences of NETosis in healthy individuals and in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Materials and Methods. The ability of neutrophils toform extracellular traps was investigated in 4 groups: 1) 4-7-year-old children diagnosed with the primary tuberculosis complex, who fell ill within Omsk region; 2) healthy and uninfected children at the same age; 3) adults with tuberculosis, and 4) adults without tuberculosis. For this purpose, isolated fractions of neutrophils from peripheral blood of the groups under research were stimulated with a mixture of bacteria (probiotic) for 30 minutes. In the hanging-drop preparation, we analyzed the proportion of neutrophil extracellular traps and cells in the state of various motility degrees. Results and Discussion. Age-related differences in the ability of neutrophils to form extracellular traps were characterized by a more pronounced response of neutrophils to the NETosis stimulant in children in the control group in comparison with neutrophils isolated from blood in the group of healthy adult volunteers: Neutrophils of children (Me=16.1; Q1=12.8; Q3=18.3) were statistically signi cantly more intense (p=0.0002) than those of adults (Me=8.6; Q1=7.1; Q3=10.5) and formed lamentous NETs. In the groups of pediatric and adult pulmonary TB patients, the response of neutrophils to the NETosis stimulant was diametrically opposite. Neutrophils of children with primary tuberculosis complex, as of those in the control group, predominantly formed lamentous NETs, but in greater amounts, while neutrophils of adults with in ltrative or focal form and with at most 2 segments involved mainly formed cloudy NETs, whereas lamentous NETs prevailed for the adults in the control group after stimulation. At the same time, proportion of cloudy NETs did not exceed 5% in healthy children and healthy adults. Comparing the ndings of our study with literature data, we hypothesized that, most likely, there is a greater increase in PAD4 expression and more pronounced histone H3 citrullination in children’s neutrophils than in those of adults. Conclusions. Our ndings indicate more pronounced ex vivo processes induced by NETosis stimulator in both groups of children (healthy individuals and TB patients) as compared to adults in the respective groups, which should be considered by the researchers interpreting the ndings of the ability of neutrophils to form extracellular traps in tuberculosis.

Keywords: children, tuberculosis, NETosis, extracellular trap forming ability of neutrophils, age-related differences, neutrophil extracellular traps.

For reference: Mordyk AV, Zolotov AN, Novikov DG, et al. Age-related differences of forming neutrophil extracellular traps in healthy individuals and in tuberculosis patients. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023; 16(6): 37-45. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).37-45.

 SERUM LIPOCALIN IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS

SAFINA NELLYA A., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2231-3716; Cand. sc. biol., Assistant Professor at the Department of Biochemistry & Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical University. 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: nellyasafina@mail.ru

CHIKAEV VYACHESLAV F., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4135-0387; Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Emergency Surgery, Kazan State Medical University. 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: prof.chikaev@gmail.com

PETUKHOV DENIS M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5946-2950), Surgeon, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikova str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: petuhoff@gmail.com

BONDAREV YURIJ V., (ORCID ID: 0009-0003-8359-2741), Cand. sc. med., Surgeon, Head of the Department of Surgery 3, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M. N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikova str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: hir_otd_3@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Acute pancreatitis is a severe in ammatory disease of the pancreas. In case of severe acute pancreatitis, mortality rate reaches 36-50%. The most challenging issue is the prediction of its severity and clinical outcome due to the limitations of clinical scoring systems and biochemical markers, which are still being studied intensely. Aim: To study serum lipocalin levels in patients with acute pancreatitis of varying severity. Materials and Methods. Our study included 68 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and treated in the inpatient facility of Kazan City Clinical Hospital 7 over the years 2017-2019. Patients were strati ed by severity, gender, and age. As a comparison group, 20 healthy volunteers without any gastrointestinal issues were examined. Specimen to be studied were the sera of patients with acute pancreatitis and those of healthy volunteers. Blood was sampled from the patients upon admission to the hospital and before their discharge from it. Lipocalin levels were registered using BioVendor’s Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA kit. The ndings were processed statistically at their normal distribution. Results and Discussion. Our study showed a signi cant excess of lipocalin levels in patients with acute pancreatitis as compared with healthy volunteers. In healthy volunteers this value varied within 4.91±6.55 ng/ml, while it was 78.19±89.09 ng/ml (p<0.05) in acute pancreatitis patients. Conclusions. Our study of serum lipocalin in patients with acute pancreatitis showed a signi cant and statistically reliable excess of this indicator as compared to healthy volunteers. The highest lipocalin levels were found in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Conventional therapy reduced these levels in mild, moderate, and severe cases, although there was no statistically signi cant difference before and after treatment.

Keywords: pancreatic necrosis, lipocalin, prediction.

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тологии. – 2021. – Т. 26, No2. – С. 15-24. [Dyuzheva TG, Shefer AV, Dzhus EV. Diagnostika povrezhdeniya protoka podzheludochnoj zhelezy pri ostrom pankreatite [Diagnosis of damage to the pancreatic duct in acute pancreatitis]. Annaly hirurgicheskoj gepatologii [Annals of surgical hepatology]. 2021; 26: 15-24. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.16931/10.16931/1995-5464.2021-2-15-24

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 ANALYSIS OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN OVER THE YEARS 2018-2022

TIMERZYANOV MARAT I., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3918-8832, Dr. sc. med., Associate Professor, Head of the Republic’s Forensic Examination Office at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, 31a Siberian Route str., 420029 Kazan, Russia; Head of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str, 420008 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: Marat.Timerzyanov@tatar.ru

DELYAN ARTUR M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2328-7679; Chief Physician, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia; Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: gkb7@bk.ru

KHAIRUTDINOV NAIL N., ORCID ID: 0009-0000-1607-0327; Police Lieutenant Colonel, Head of the Information Activities Office, Traffic Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, 5 Orenburg Route str., 420059 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: nail-hai@rambler.ru

 ECONOMIC BURDEN OF COVID-19 IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

TIMIRYANOVA VENERA M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1004-0722; Scopus Author ID: 57194428883; Researcher ID: N-3449-2015; SPIN code: 1449-1716; Dr. sc. econ., Associate Professor, Chief Researcher at the Laboratory for the Research in Social and Economic Problems of Regions, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi str., 450076 Ufa, Russia; e-mail: 79174073127@mail.ru

LAKMAN IRINA A., ORCID ID:0000-0001-9876-9202; Scopus Author ID: 57192164952; Researcher ID: K-6878-2017; SPIN code: 4521-9097; Cand. sc. tech., Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Head of the Laboratory for the Research in Social and Economic Problems of Regions, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi str., 450076 Ufa, Russia; e-mail: Lackmania@mail.ru

VALISHIN DAMIR A., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1811-9320; Scopus Author ID: 6506590910; SPIN code: 9582-5853; Dr. sc. med., Professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases offering an Additional Professional Education Course, Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenina str., 450008 Ufa, Russia; e-mail: damirval@yandex.ru

GAREEVA DIANA F., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1874-8661; Scopus Author ID: 56700303400; Researcher ID: G-3941-2016; SPIN code: 4542-3725; Cand. sc. med., Senior Researcher at the Research Department, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi str., 450076 Ufa, Russia; Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenina str., 450008 Ufa, Russia; e-mail: danika09@mail.ru

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11. Hagens A, İnkaya AÇ, Yildirak K, et al. COVID-19 vaccination scenarios: a cost-effectiveness analysis for Turkey. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9 (4): 399. DOI: 10.3390/ vaccines9040399.

12. Колбин А.С., Гомон Ю.М. Оценка медицинских технологий при COVID-19 // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. – 2023. – Т. 15, No 3. – С. 105-115. [Kolbin AS, Gomon YuM. Ocenka medicinskih tekhnologij pri COVID-19 [Medical technologies assessment in COVID-19]. VICH-infekciya i immunosupressii [Disorders HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive]. 2023;15(3):105-115. (In Russ.)] DOI: 10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-3-105-115

13. Аскаров Р.А., Лакман И.А., Загидуллин Н.Ш., Аскарова З.Ф. Оценка демографического ущерба в Республике Башкортостан от covid-19 за 2020 год. Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал. – 2022. – No 3 (165). – С. 152-156. [Askarov RA, Lakman IA, Zagidullin NSh, Askarova ZF. Ocenka demogra cheskogo ushcherba v Respublike Bashkortostan ot covid-19 za 2020 god [Assessment of Demographic Damage in the Republic of Bashkortostan from COVID-19 for 2020]. Ekonomika i upravlenie: nauchno-prakticheskij zhurnal [Economics and Management: Scienti c and Practical Journal]. 2022; 3(165): 152-156. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.34773/EU.2022.3.29

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15. Kotov EA, Goncharov RV, Kulchitsky YV, et al. Spatial Modelling of Key Regional-Level Factors of Covid-19 Mortality In Russia. Geography, Environment. Sustainability. 2022; 2(15): 71-83. DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2021-076

 CETP RS247616 POLYMORPHISM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE: TRAITS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND EFFECTIVENESS OF STATIN THERAPY

KHAZOVA ELENA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8050-2892; Scopus Author ID: 57205153574, Researcher ID O-2336-2016, RSCI Author ID 639552; Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S.S.Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Scientific Officer at the Academic and Research Laboratory – Emerging Vocational Competencies in Health Protection of the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: hazova_elena@mail.ru (correspondence author)

BULASHOVA OLGA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7228-5848; Scopus Author ID: 6507198087, RSCI Author ID 46110692, Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: boulashova@yandex.ru

VALEEVA ELENA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7080-3878; Scopus Author ID: 57195580617; Researcher ID W-8036-2019; RSCI Author ID 903881; Cand. sc. biol., Senior Researcher at the Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: vevaleeva@ya.ru

MALKOVA MARIA I., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1368-2915, RSCI Author ID 804329 Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Head of the Department of Functional Diagnostics, City Clinical Hospital 7 named afterM.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikova str., 420103 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: marimalk@yandex.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Dyslipidemia is a modi able risk factor for cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic ischemia-induced heart failure. Being the best-known class of drugs, statins effectively reduce cardiovascular mortality in all age groups. Effectiveness of using lipid-lowering drugs is determined by some factors, including genetic ones. Polymorphism rs247616 of the CETP (cholesterol ester transfer protein) gene is associated with changing high-density lipoprotein levels in blood serum. Aim. To analyze the clinical parameters and effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy in stable chronic ischemia-induced heart failure patients with the rs247616 polymorphism of the CETP gene. Materials and Methods. We examined 517 patients with chronic ischemia-induced heart failure, aged 66.4±10.4 years, of both sexes. A genetic control of 118 conditionally healthy individuals was included. We analyzed the allele frequency of theCETP rs247616 occurrences, clinical characteristics, statin administration frequency, dose range, and achieving the lipid metabolism goals, including in relation to the genotype. Results and Discussion. Statins were prescribed to 28.8% of patients with chronic heart failure, with 42.3% receiving the minimum dosage and 35.6% receiving the average therapeutic dosage. Frequency of TT-genotype and T allele of the CETP rs247616 was higher in patients with chronic heart failure compared with controls (13.2% and 10.2%, p=0.026, 35% and 26.7%, p=0.014). It was found that CC-genotype has a protective effect against the development of chronic heart failure (CC vs CT+TT, OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.38-0.86). In patients with CC-genotype chronic heart failure, a lower level of high-density lipoproteins was observed (1.12±0.37 and 1.25±0.37 mmol/l, p=0.012), as compared to the carriers of T allele (CT+TT). Percentage of individuals with total cholesterol levels below 4.5 mmol/l (33.3%, 29.7%, and 37.5%) and triglyceride levels < 1.7 mmol/l (36.5%, 25%, and 37.5%) did not differ between CC-, CT-, and TT-genotypes, respectively. There is a trend towards an increase in the proportion of the carriers of T allele and TT-genotype with low-density lipoprotein levels < 1.8 mmol/l (30.8%, 45.5%, and 50%) and non-high-density lipoproteins levels<2.6 mmol/l (29.4%, 31.2%, and 50%). Conclusions. Effectiveness of statin therapy is low: 38.1 % of patients had the total cholesterol levels < 4.5 mmol/l, 11% had low-density lipoprotein levels <1.8 mmol/l, 50.6% had triglyceride levels <1.7 mmol/l, and 12.2% of patients had non-high-density lipoprotein levels <2.6 mmol/l. Protective effect of CC-genotype was found regarding the genesis of chronic heart failure.

Keywords: chronic heart failure, rs247616 polymorphism, CETP gene, lipid spectrum, statin ef cacy.

For reference: Khazova EV., Bulashova OV., Valeeva EV., Malkova MI. CETP rs247616 polymorphism in patients with chronic heart failure and coronary heart disease: Traits of lipid metabolism and effectiveness of statin therapy. Bulletin of contemporary clinical medicine. 2023; 16.(6): 67-77. DOI: 10.20969 / VSKM.2023.16 (6).67-77.

17. Zhao X, Geng X, Srinivasasainagendra V, et al. PheWASstudy of a large observational epidemiological cohort ofAfrican Americans from the REGARDS study. BMC Med Genomics. 2019;12(Suppl 1):26. DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0462-7

18. Postmus I, Warren HR, Trompet S, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of HDL cholesterol response to statins. J Med Genet. 2016;53(12):835-845. DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103966

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20. Кухарчук В.В., Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В., и др. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза: Российские рекомендации, VII пересмотр. – Москва, 2020. – 61с. [Kukharchuk VV, Yezhov MV, Sergiyenko IV, et al. Diagnostika i korrektsiya narusheniy lipidnogo obmena s tsel’yu pro laktiki i lecheniya ateroskleroza: Rossiyskiye rekomendatsii, VII peresmotr [Diagnosisand correction of lipid metabolism disorders for theprevention and treatment of atherosclerosis: Russian recommendations, VII revision]. Moskva [Moscow], 2020;61р. (In Russ.)].

21. Maggioni AP, Anker SD, Dahlström U, et al. Heart Failure Association of the ESC. Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12,440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(10):1173-84. DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft134

22. Изможерова Н.В., Попов А.А., Бахтин В.М. Анализ эффективности и безопасности терапии статинами в амбулаторных условиях полиморбидных пациентов крайне высокого сердечно-сосудистого риска. Российский кардиологический журнал. – 2020. – Т. 25(6). – С. 3578. [Izmozherova NV, Popov AA, Bakhtin VM Analiz effektivnosti i bezopasnosti terapii statinamiv ambulatornykh usloviyakh polimorbidnykh patsiyentovkrayne vysokogo serdechno-sosudistogo riska. [Ef cacy and safety of statin therapy in multimorbid outpatients with very high cardiovascular risk]. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Cardiology]. 2020;25(6):3578. (In Russ.)]. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3578

23. Ежов М. В., Сергиенко И. В., Аронов Д. М. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации VI пересмотр // Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. – 2017. – Т.3. – С. 5-22. [Ezhov MV, Sergienko IV, Aronov DM, et al. Diagnostika i korrektsiya narusheniy lipidnogo obmena s tsel’yu profilaktiki i lecheniya ateroskleroza. Rossiyskiye rekomendatsii VI peresmotr [Diagnostics and correction of lipid metabolism disorders in order to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations VI revision]. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii [The Journal of Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemias]. 2017;3: 5-22. (In Russ.)]

24. Оганов Р.Г., Кухарчук В.В., Арутюнов Г.П., и др. (от имени исследователей DYSIS). Сохраняющиеся нарушения показателей липидного спектра у пациентов с дислипидемией, получающих статины, в реальной клинической практике в Российской Федерации (российская часть исследования DYSIS) // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. – 2012. – Т.11(4). – С. 70-8. [Oganov RG, Kukharchuk VV, Arutyunov GP, et al. Sokhranyayushchiyesya narusheniya pokazateleĭ lipidnogo spektra u patsiyentov s dislipidemiyeĭ, poluchayushchikh statiny, v real’noĭ klinicheskoĭ praktike v Rossiĭskoĭ Federatsii (rossiyskaya chast’ issledovaniya DYSIS). [Persistent dyslipidemia in statin-treated patients: Russian real-world clinical practice data (Russian part of the DYSIS Study)]. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i pro laktika [Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention]. 2012;11(4):70-78. (In Russ.)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2012-4-70-78

25. Котовская Ю.В., Ткачева О.Н., Сергиенко И.В. от имени комитета экспертов. Липидснижающая терапия для первичной профилактики у пациентов 75 лет и старше. Консенсус экспертов Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров, Национального общества по изучению атеросклероза, Российского кардиологического общества, Ассоциации клинических фармакологов // Кардиология. – 2020. – Т.60(6). – С. 119–132. [Kotovskaya YV, Tkacheva ON, Sergienko IV on behalf of the Expert Committee. Lipidsnizhayushchaya terapiya dlya pervichnoy pro laktiki u patsiyentov 75 let i starshe. Konsensus ekspertov Rossiyskoy assotsiatsii gerontologov i geriatrov, Natsional’nogo obshchestva po izucheniyu ateroskleroza, Rossiyskogo kardiologicheskogo obshchestva, Assotsiatsii klinicheskikh farmakologov [Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention in Older Adults. Consensus Statement of the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians, National Society on Atherosclerosis, Russian Society of Cardiology, Association of Clinical Pharmacologists]. Kardiologiia [Cardiology]. 2020;60(6):119–132. (In Russ.)].

26. Iwanicka J, Iwanicki T, Niemiec P, et al. Relationship between CETP gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in Polish population. Mol Biol Rep. 2018;45(6):1929-1935. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4342-1

27. Xu L, Zhou J, Huang S, et al. An association study between genetic polymorphisms related to lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and coronary heart disease. Exp Ther Med. 2013;5(3):742-750. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.911

28. Хазова Е.В., Булашова О.В. Остаточный риск у пациентов с атеросклеротическими кардиоваскулярными заболеваниями. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2023;22(1):3382. [Khazova EV, Bulashova OV Ostatochnyy risk u patsiyentov s ateroskleroticheskimi kardiovaskulyarnymi zabolevaniyami [Residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease]. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i pro laktika [Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention]. 2023;22(1):3382. (In Russ.)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3382

 ANEMIA OF VARYING SEVIRITY DEGREES IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI

KHAMADULLINA ILIDA F., ORCID ID - 0009-0001-9831-2541; Student at the Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: ixgenius2015@yandex.ru

KHUSAINOVA ALIA A., ORCID ID - 0009-0000-0469-0553; Student at the Faculty of General Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: xusainova-2019@bk.ru

IVANTSOV EVGENIY N., ORCID ID - 0000-0001-8063-4959; Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: zhenia.iva91@gmail.com

KHASANOV NIYAZ R., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7760-0763; Dr. sc. med., Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: ybzp@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Anemia associated with cardiovascular diseases, particularly with myocardial infarction, is a signi cant risk factor for adverse outcomes. At the same time, it is poorly known about the issue of acute blood circulatory disturbances during myocardial infarction in the setting of anemia of varying severity degrees. Our aim was to study the at-admission hemoglobin levels in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with favorable and fatal outcomes of hospitalization. Material and Methods. We selected 177 records of patients with fatal outcomes of and 380 records of patients discharged with favorable outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction from the emergency departments for patients with acute coronary syndrome of State Clinical Hospital 7, Kazan. The study included 349 men and 208 women aged 32 to 96 years, median age being 67 (58–76) years. Results and Discussion. Incidence of anemia (hemoglobin lower than 130 g/l in men and 110 g/l in women) in the group of patients under study with favorable and fatal hospitalization outcomes was signi cantly different and amounted to 8.7% and 18.1%, respectively (p = 0.001). Probability of unfavorable outcomes in the group of patients with anemia was 2.32 times higher than that in the group of patients without anemia, the differences in odds were statistically signi cant (95% CI: 1.38 - 3.92; p = 0.001). Moderate and severe anemia (Hb <90 g/l) was more common in patients with unfavorable outcomes than in patients with favorable outcomes of hospitalization, i.e., in 43.8% and 15.2% of cases, respectively. Odds of an unfavorable outcome were 4.35 times higher in patients with moderate to severe anemia than in patients with mild anemia, the difference in odds was statistically signi cant (95% CI: 1.34 - 14.08, p = 0.015). Conclusions. Anemia in an ST-elevation myocardial infarction patient is associated with a 2.32 greater chance of an unfavorable outcome. A decrease in hemoglobin level below 90 g/L in a patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction is associated with a 4.35 times greater chance of an unfavorable outcome.

 CHANGES IN LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH IRON DEFICIENCY WITHIN 6 MONTHS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

KHASTIEVA DILYARA R., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5501-2178; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: dilyara_ khastieva@mail.ru

TARASOVA NATALYA A., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5501-2178; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: aleks37@yandex.ru

MALKOVA MARIA I., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1368-2915, RSCI Author ID 804329, Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Head of the Department of Functional Diagnostics, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikova str., 420103 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: marimalk@yandex.ru

ZAKIROVA ELVIRA B., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4653-1734, Cand. sc. med., Deputy Chief Physician for Diagnostics, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M.N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikova str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: frolova.67@mail.ru

KHASANOV NIAZ R., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7760-0763; Dr. sc. med., Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: ybzp@mail.ru

 DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS AND PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIA-INDUCED CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

IAKUBOVA VIOLETTA M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5601-8360; Scopus Author ID: 57205151947, Cand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; tel.: +79063247347, Cardiologist at the Cardiology Department 4, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M. N. Sadykov, 54 Chuikova str., 420103 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: sunny.gazizyanova@list.ru

BULASHOVA OLGA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7228-5848; Scopus Author ID: 6507198087, RSCI Author ID 46110692,
Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: boulashova@yandex.ru

KHAZOVA ELENA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8050-2892; Scopus Author ID: 57205153574, Researcher ID O-2336-2016, RSCI Author ID 639552; Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S.S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Scientific Officer at the Academic and Research Laboratory – Emerging Vocational Competencies in Health Protection of the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia, е-mail: hazova_elena@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Clinical depression occurs in 21.5% of patients with heart failure, aggravating both the clinical course and the prognosis of the disease. The aim is to present the ndings of the clinical course of chronic heart failure in patients with depressive disorders and to study their prognoses. Material and Methods. The studyincluded 78 patients with heart failure, functional classes 1-4. The degree of depressive disorders was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Life quality was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. All patients passed a 6-minute walk test and echocardiography. The patient’s clinical condition was assessed according to the clinical condition assessment scale. Prognoses were assessed after 1 year of study.Results and Discussion. Depression level analysis has shown that the clinically pronounced depression is common in patients with heart failure, which corresponds to 9.0 (6.0;11.0) points. In a closer consideration of the structure of disorders, no depression was found in 37.2 % of cases, subclinical depression was found less frequently in patients with heart failure (26.9 %), while clinical depression was found in 35.9 %. All-cause mortality was observed in 7.7 % of cases, while cardiovascular mortality occurred in 4.6 %. Pronounced depression was registered in patients with chronic heart failure, in case of hospital admission. Conclusions. Average depression level in patients with heart failure is 9.0 (6.0; 11.0) points, which corresponds with clinical depression. Depression occurs in 62.8 % of cases and associated with worse clinical condition. Overt clinical depression occurs more frequently in patients with chronic heart failure, who have come up to the event of hospitalization.

 CURRENT ISSUES IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HINDFOOT DEFORMITIES

GUBAR ILYA E., Postgraduate Student, Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii str., 664003 Irkutsk, Russia, tel. +7(3952)29-03-44, e-mail: gybarilya2013@yandex.ru

LEONOVA SVETLANA N., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3675-6355; Dr. sc. med., Senior Researcher, Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii str., 664003 Irkutsk, Russia, tel. +7(3952)29-03-44, e-mail: svetlana.leonova.1963@mail.ru

USOLTSEV IVAN V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4175-8403; Cand. sc. med, Researcher, Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, 1 Bortsov Revolutsii str., 664003 Irkutsk, Russia, tel. +7(3952)29-03-44, e-mail: ivu38@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. The review analyzes and summarizes the results of studying the surgical treatment of traumatic and non-traumatic hindfoot deformities with subtalar joint osteoarthritis. Relevance of this issue is supported by highly frequent unsatisfactory results achieved in primary care, which often lead to post-traumatic subtalar arthrosis, high percentage of the disablement of mostly working-age patients, and economic costs associated with their further treatment and rehabilitation. Subtalar arthrodesis, in combination with bone grafting augmentation with auto-, allo- or xenograft and internal xation, is the most common surgical technique for patients of this category. Aim. To study the advantages anddisadvantages of the known surgical techniques used in treatment of posttraumatic hindfoot deformities. Materials and Methods. To perform the literature analysis, we used international databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, as well as the domestic library system, eLibrary. Results and Discussion. Despite good surgical treatment outcomes presented in the publications, some failures were registered, such as insuf cient deformity correction, arthrodesis nonunion due to the bone graft migration, bone graft osteolysis, metal structure instability, and infectious complications. According to the authors, the key reason for some unsatisfactory results in non-infectious cases was the lack of preoperative planning, including accurate calculations of the necessary hindfoot deformity correction and of the optimal extent of bone grafting.

Keywords: hindfoot deformities, talocalcaneal joint arthrodesis, arthrosis, complications

For reference. Gubar IE, Leonova SN, Usoltsev IV. Current issues in surgical treatment of hindfoot deformities. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(6):95-102. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).95-102.

 POTENTIAL ВIOMARKERS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: THE SEARCH IS UNDERWAY

ZARIPOVA ALIYA SH., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2701-319X; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology named after prof. V.S. Gruzdev, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: zaripovaash@yandex.ru

GABIDULLINA RUSHANIA I., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7567-6043; Scopus Author ID 57215670415, Dr. sc. med., Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after prof. V.S. Gruzdev, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: ru.gabidullina@yandex.ru

MINNULLINA FARIDA F., ODCID ID: 0000-0001-8270-085x, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 74 Karl Marx str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Head of the Department of Gynecology 2 of City Clinical Hospital No. 7, 54 Marshal Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: minnullina_f@mail.ru

AKHMETOVA DINARA I. ORCID ID: 009-0000-9612-454X, Assistant Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after prof. V.S. Gruzdev, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Obstetrician and Gynecologist at City Clinical Hospital No. 7, 54 Marshal Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: dinara.akhmetova.2496@mail.ru

ORLOV YURIJ V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3871-045Х, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after prof. V.S. Gruzdev, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia. E-mail: supereagle@mail.ru

2. Zondervan KT, Becker CM, Missmer SA. Endometriosis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020; 382: 1244– 1256. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1810764

3. Кира Е.Ф., Политова А.К., Вершинина Ю.А., Александрова А.Д. Роль молекулярно-генетических биомаркеров в патогенезе эндометриоза // Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. – 2021. – Т. 6, вып. 2. - С. 116-123. [Kira EF, Politova AK, Vershinina YA, Alexandrova A.D. Rol’ moleculyarno-geneticheskich biomarkerov v patogenese endometrioza [The role of molecular genetic biomarkers in the pathogenesis of endometriosis]. Fundamental’naya i klinicheskaya medicina [Fundamental and Clinical Medicine]. 2021; 6(2): 116-123. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-116-123

4. Габидуллина Р.И., Кошельникова Е.А., Шигабутдинова Т.Н., и др. Эндометриоз: влияние на фертильность и исходы беременности // Гинекология. – 2021. – T. 23, вып. 1. - C.12–17. [Gabidullina RI, Koshelnikova EA, Shigabutdinova TN, et al. Endometrioz: vliyanie na fertil’nost’ i ischody beremennosti [Endometriosis: impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes]. Ginekologiya [Gynecology]. 2021; 23(1): 12–17. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2021.1.200477

5. Costin VA, Marius AM, Andrea EN, et al. Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(5): 1750. DOI:10.3390/ijms21051750

6. Адамян Л.В., Азнаурова Я.Б. Биомаркеры эндометри-оза – современные тенденции // Проблемы репро-дукции. – 2018. – T.24, вып.1. - C.57-62 [Adamyan LV, Аznaurova YAB. Biomarkery endometrioza – sovremennye tendencii [Biomarkers of endometriosis – current trends]. Problemy reprodukcii [Russian Journal of Human Reproduction]. 2018; 24(1): 57-62. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.17116/repro201824157-62

7. Moein MS, Younesi M, Mortazavi G, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis: Immunologic and genetic markers. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2023; 1(538): 70-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.013

8. Радзинский В.Е., Оразов М.Р., Михалева Л.М., Бекулова М.А. Грани проблемы инфильтративного эндометрио-за: от патогенеза к эффективной терапии // Гинекология. – 2021. – Т. 23, вып. 2. – С. 117–124. [Radzinckii VE, Orazov MR, Michaleva LM, Beculova MA. Grani problemy in l’trativnogo endometrioza: ot patogeneza k effectivnoi terapii [Facets of the problem of in ltrative endometriosis: from pathogenesis to effective therapy]. Ginekologiya [Gynecology]. 2021; 23(2): 117-124. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2021.2.200741

9. Alborzi S, Rasekhi A, Shomali Z et al. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging, transvaginal,and transrectal ultrasonographyin deep infiltratingendometriosis. Medicine. 2018; 97(8): e9536. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009536

10. Zannoni L, Del Forno S, Coppola F, et al. Comparison of transvaginal sonography and computed tomography-colonography with contrast media and urographic phasefor diagnosing deep infiltrating endometriosis of theposterior compartment of the pelvis: a pilot study. Japanese Journal of Radiology. 2017; 35(9): 546–54. DOI: 10.1007/ s11604-017-0665-4

 HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

OSLOPOV VLADIMIR N., ORCID ID: 0000-000302901-0694, Scopus Author ID: 6602523658; Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: voslopov1845@gmail.com

KUSHCHEVA ALINA V. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4957-1763, Student, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: alinka18_03@mail.ru

KHAIRULLIN AMIR R., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9299-716; Student, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: Globalshot@mail.ru

KADYROVA ZULFINAZ M., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1266-363X; Student, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: zmarsovna@yandex.ru

OSLOPOVA JULIA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9752-8703, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Diseases, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: oslopovajul@mail.ru

KHAZOVA ELENA V., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8050-2892; Scopus Author ID: 57205153574, Researcher ID O-2336-2016, RSCI Author ID 639552; Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Prof. S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Scientific Officer at the Academic and Research Laboratory – Emerging Vocational Competencies in Health Protection of the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: hazova_elena@mail.ru (correspondence author)

GRISHINA YANA D., ORCID ID: 0009-0006-5651-933X; Student, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: plasmodium@bk.ru

KIM ZULFIYA F., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4240-3329; Cand. sc. med., Deputy Chief Physician for Treatment of City Clinical Hospital 7, Kazan, Russia; Chief Visiting Cardiologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan; Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine # 2 of Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: profz@yandex.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Current technological progress and advances in electronics and medical equipment allow reaching unprecedented heights in the detection of various arrhythmic conditions, while such conditions can be observed directly at the time of their occurrence. Nevertheless, there is an issue related to predicting life-threatening conditions that may lead to cardiac arrest causing sudden cardiac death. We should also note some dif culties in timely predicting myocardial infarction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new or implement the existing technologies that allow ensuring high susceptibility and speci city toward these disorders. Aim. To study the potential of high-frequencyelectrocardiography regarding identifying additional criteria for myocardial ischemia and informing about the possibledevelopment of cardiac arrhythmia. Materials and Methods. Methodological approaches: We searched for and analyzed sources in the NCBI and eLibrary databases and in Google Scholar using the following keywords: Advanced ECG, High Frequency ECG, and HF ECG ischaemia. The search was ltered for the years 1930-2022. Publications containing only summaries, abstracts, or duplicated information were excluded from the analysis. Thus, this present descriptive review includes generalized and systematized data from 50 sources, encompassing current clinical trials, reports, and systematic reviews. Results and Discussion. High-frequency electrocardiography is the most promising method in terms of the qualities required for a technique to register such disorders. When forming a cardiogram, the high-frequency electrocardiography method has three stages: 1) Registration of high-frequency electrical cardiac potentials; 2) signal ampli cation due to the computational performance to enhance the resolution; and 3) signal averaging through mathematical computations and further ltering the necessary sectors of the electrocardiogram. Combining the stages presented above allows registering low-amplitude signals, which would be impossible when using standard electrocardiography techniques. Low-amplitude signals provide important diagnostic information in risk strati cation regarding life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Detecting delayed myocardium depolarization potentials, ventricular late potentials, and atrial late potentials is an important task in identifying these pathologic conditions. Conclusions.Over thirty years, the high-frequency electrocardiography technique has been frequently studied and tested in various countries, such as the USA, Israel, Spain, Italy, South Korea, Japan, Russia, Austria, and Great Britain. These studies have proven the advantage of this method over the standard method of recording the electrical potentials of heart. This paper presents information on the studies and the facts proving the ef cacy of the high-resolution electrocardiography technique.

Keywords: high-resolution ECG, high-frequency ECG, signal-averaged electrocardiography, high-frequency QRS complexes, RAZ zones, cardiac ischemia, ventricular late potentials, atrial late potentials, literature review.

For reference: Oslopov VN, Kushcheva AV, Khairullin AR, et al. High-resolution electrocardiography in clinical practice. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(6):110-122. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).110-122.

 ROLE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

SADYKOVA AIDA R. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8324-2424; С. Med. Sci., associate professor, Department of Internal Diseases Propaedeutics of Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov Str., 420012, Kazan, Russia, e-mail: aidasad@mail.ru

SAFIULLINA AIDA R. ORCID ID: 0009-0002-2625-0035; Student of Kazan State Medical University. Address: 49 Butlerov Str., 420012, Kazan, Russia, e-mail: leisan.1982@mail.ru

NURIAKHMETOVA KAMILA R. ORCID ID: 0009-0005-3489-6102; Student of Kazan State Medical University. Address: 49 Butlerov Str., 420012, Kazan, Russia, e-mail: nuriakhmetova_2002@bk.ru

УДК: 616.124.2:612.176.2

DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(6).130-140

 PREVALENCE OF INAPPROPRIATE LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS DISEASES

SHAMKINA AYGUL R., ORCID ID: 0009-0001-3495-4713; Сand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Professor S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: schamkina.aigul@yandex.ru

AKHMETZIANOVA AIGUL I., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2724-5115, General Practitioner at the Department of Primary, City Clinical Hospital 7 named after M. N. Sadykov; 54 Chuikov str., 420103 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: aigul_akh@bk.ru

GAZIEV AIRAT R., ORCID ID: 0009-0008-7473-7642, Сand. sc. med., Assistant Professor at the Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; Director of the Multidisciplinary Medical Center “Doctor Panda” LLC, 50 Karbyshev str., 420087 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: ayrat2003@mail.ru

MAKAROV MAXIM A., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4014-4098; Сand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine named after Professor S. S. Zimnitsky, Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerov str., 420012 Kazan, Russia; e-mail: maks.vfrfhjd2011@yandex.ru

Abstract. Introduction. According to the inappropriate left ventricular mass concept proposed by G. de Simone et al. (1998), in some cases, an increment in the left ventricular myocardium mass occurs inadequately to the hemodynamic load of high blood pressure. Studying the prevalence and interrelation of disproportionately high left ventricular myocardial mass continues to remain topical to the present, due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events among affected people, and at the same time independently of the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Aim. To analyze the scienti cmedical literature data obtained in studying the prevalence of disproportionately high left ventricular myocardial massin patients with different diseases. Materials and Methods. We reviewed and analyzed the scienti c results from national and foreign medical literature in electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and eLibrary over the years 1998-2023. Results and Discussion. Research papers dealing with studying the prevalence of disproportionately high left ventricular myocardial mass mainly present patients with cardiovascular diseases. Prevalence of disproportionately high left ventricular myocardial mass in patients with arterial hypertension varies quite widely, from 9% to 82,4%; at the same time, gender and racial differences were found. It is also common in patients with coronary heart disease, aortic stenosis, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and primary aldosteronism. It turned out that the frequency of abnormally high left ventricular myocardial mass tends to increase in cases with a combination of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. To thoroughly study how disproportionately high left ventricular myocardial mass contributes to bad cardiovascular prognosis, further research is needed in this theme, including studying its prevalence in patients with different diseases, both isolated and combined.

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