ORIGINAL RESEARCH

УДК: 575.224.22:[616-009.7: 615.211]

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).7-12

1. Алексеев В. В. Современные представления и основные принципы терапии боли // Русский медицинский журнал. – 2011. – No 1. Спец. Выпуск. – С. 6 – 11. [Alekseev VV. Sovremennye predstavleniya i osnovnye principy terapii boli [Modern ideas and basic principles of pain therapy]. Russkij medicinskij zhurnal [Russian Medical Journal]. 2011; 1(6): 6 – 11. (In Russ.)].

2. Биккинина Г. М., Сафуанов А. Р. Нежелательные лекарственные реакции нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов // Молодой ученый. –2015. – No 7 (87). – С. 269-272. [Bikkinina, GM, Safuanov AR. Nezhelatel’nye lekarstvennye reakcii nesteroidnyh protivovospalitel’nyh preparatov [Undesirable drug reactions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]. Molodoj uchenyj [Young scientist]. (In Russ.)]. 2015; 7(87): 269-272. URL: https:// moluch.ru/archive/87/16884

3. Журавлева М.В., Кукес В.Г., Прокофьев А.Б. и др. Рациональное применение НПВП– баланс эффективности и безопасности (обзор литературы) // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2016. – No 6-4. – С. 687-696 [Zhuravleva MV, Kukes VG, Prokof’ev AB et al. Racional’noe primenenie NPVP – balans effektivnosti i bezopasnosti (obzor literatury) [Rational use of NSAIDs - balance of effectiveness and safety (literature review)]. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental’nyh issledovanij [International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research]. 2016; 6(4): 687-696. (In Russ.)].

4. Кукес В.Г., Грачев С.В., Сычев Д.А., Раменская Г.В. Метаболизм лекарственных средств: научные основы персонализированной медицины. – М. ГЭОТАР-Медиа. – 2008. – 304 с. [Kukes VG, Grachev SV, Sychev DA, Ramenskaya GV. Metabolizm lekarstvennyh sredstv: nauchnye osnovy personalizirovannoj mediciny [Drug metabolism: scientific foundations of personalized medicine]. M. GEOTAR-Media [M. GEOTAR-Media]. 2008; 304. (In Russ.)].

5. Каратеев А.Е., Насонов Е.Л., Яхно Н.Н. и др. Клинические рекомендации «Рациональное применение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) в клинической практике» // Современная ревматология. – 2015, No1. – С. 4–23. [Karateev AE, Nasonov EL, Yahno NN i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendacii «Racional’noe primenenie nesteroidnyh protivovospalitel’nyh preparatov (NPVP) v klinicheskoj praktike». [Clinical recommendations “Rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical practice”]. Sovremennaya revmatologiya [Modern rheumatology]. 2015; 1: 4–23. (In Russ.)].

6. Решетняк В.К., Кукушкин М.Л. Боль: физиологические и патофизиологические аспекты // Актуальные проблемы патофизиологии. Избранные лекции (Под ред. Б.Б.Мороза). – М.: Медицина. – 2001. – С. 354–389. [Reshetnyak VK, Kukushkin ML. Bol’: fiziologicheskie i patofiziologicheskie aspekty. Aktual’nye problemy patofiziologii. Izbrannye lekcii (Pod red. B.B.Moroza). [Pain: physiological and pathophysiological aspects. Actual problems of pathophysiology. Selected lectures (Edited by B.B.Moroz)]. M.: Medicina [M.: Medicine]. 2001; 354–389. (In Russ.)].

7. Ташенова А.И. Транспортная система гликопротеина-Р и фармакокинетика лекарственных средств. Биомедицина. 2010; 4: 24–32. [Tashenova AI. Transportnaya sistema glikoproteina-Р i farmakokinetika lekarstvennyh sredstv [Glycoprotein-P transport system and pharmacokinetics of drugs]. Biomedicina [Biomedicine]. 2010; 4: 24-32. (In Russ.)].

8. Якушева Е.Н., Черных И.В., Щулькин А.В., Попова Н.М. Гликопротеин - P: структура, физиологическая роль и молекулярные механизмы модуляции функциональной активности // Успехи физиологических наук. – 2014. – 45 (4). – C. 90–98. [Yakusheva EN, Chernyh IV, Shchul’kin AV, Popova NM. Glikoprotein - P: struktura, fiziologicheskaya rol’ i molekulyarnye mekhanizmy modulyacii funkcional’noj aktivnosti [Glycoprotein - P: structure, physiological role and molecular mechanisms of functional activity modulation]. Uspekhi fiziologicheskih nauk [Successes of physiological sciences]. 2014; 45 (4). 90–98. (In Russ.)].

9. Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A, et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: metaanalyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2013 Aug 31;382 (9894):769– 79. DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(13)60900–9

10. Blondell RD, Azadfard M, Wisniewski AM. Pharmacologic therapy for acute pain. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Jun 1; 87 (11): 766–72. 11.

11. Crofford LJ. Use of NSAIDs in treating patients with arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15 Suppl 3: S2. DOI: 10.1186/ar4174. Epub 2013 Jul 24.12.

12. Li H, Wang YH, Li Y, Yang L. MDR1 gene polymorphisms and clinical relevance//Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 2006, Feb. Vol.33, No2. P. 93104.

13. Yiannakopoulou E. Pharmacogenomics of ace-tylsalicylic acid and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: clinical implications. Euro J Clan Pharmacology. 2013; 69: 1369-73.

УДК: 616.12-005.4-002-056.52

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).13-18

 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROINFLAMMATORY ADIPOCYTOKINE LEVELS AND VOLUMETRIC-LINEAR PARAMETERS OF ECTOPIC FAT DEPOTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

DJURAEVA NIGORA M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2232-8264, Dr. sc. med., Head of the MR/CT Department, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V. Vakhidov, 10 Kichik Khalka Yuli str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru.

IKRAMOV ADHAM I., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7985-7757, Dr. sc. med., Professor, Head of the Department of Medical Radiology, Center for the Development of Professional Qualification of Medical Workers, 51 Parkent str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

KHAIBULLINA ZARINA R., ORCID ID:0000-0003-0579-0745, Dr. sc. med., Head of the Department of Biochemistry with the Microbiology Group, MR/CT Department, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V. Vakhidov, 10 Kichik Khalka Yuli str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: zrkhaybullina1gmail@.com

ABDUKHALIMOVA KHANUM V., ORCID ID:0000-0002-3294-4183, PhD, Radiologist, MR/CT Department, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V. Vakhidov, 10 Kichik Khalka Yuli str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: xanummuzik@yandex.ru

TURSUNOVA LOBAR N., ORCID ID:0000-0002-6242-9123, Assistant Professor at the Department of Medical Radiology, Center for the Development of Professional Qualification of Medical Workers, 51 Parkent str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. Multispiral computed angiography of the coronary arteries is the method of choice for the early noninvasive diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis and, therefore, coronary heart disease. Quantitative indicators of epicardial fat depot are significantly associated with coronary atherosclerosis and coupled with possible cardiovascular events without reference to traditional risk factors. Aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the proinflammatory adipocytokine levels and the volumetric-linear parameters of paracardial fat depots in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods. 135 patients (74 men (52%) and 61 women (48%)) with confirmed and suspected coronary heart disease were examined, aged 45 to 80 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Study group and comparison group. The study group consisted of 88 patients with coronary atherosclerosis, 56 men (63%) and 32 women (37%). This group included patients with one-, two- and multivessel coronary artery lesions, as well as with hemodynamically insignificant (CAD-RADs≤2) and significant (CAD-RADs≥3) stenosis areas. The comparison group consisted of 47 patients without coronary atherosclerosis. Quantitative indicators of cardiac and abdominal fat depots were calculated for all patients by means of computed tomography. Results and Discussion. The volume of epicardial adipose tissue was significantly higher in individuals with coronary heart disease, as compared to patients in the comparison group. The volume of abdominal adipose tissue was also higher in patients of the main group (p<0.001). The volume of visceral adipose tissue in patients with ischemic heart disease was 1.43 times larger than in the comparison group (p<0.05), the area of epicardial adipose tissue did not statistically differ in the two groups (p˃0.05), and the area of visceral adipose tissue was 1.62 times (p<0.05) larger in patients with ischemic heart disease. Differences in the groups with hemodynamically insignificant and significant coronary artery stenoses were statistically valid (p˂0.05). Conclusions. In patients with coronary artery disease, the degree of increase in epicardial and abdominal fat correlates with the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Laboratory tests of the adipokine-cytokine profiles is an important prognostic factor of coronary atherosclerosis severity.

Keywords: CT-coronarography, ectopic fat depots, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, epicardial adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, abdominal fat depot, hemodynamically significant areas of stenosis

For reference: Djuraeva NM, Ikramov AI, Khaibullina ZR et al. Relationship between proinflammatory adipocytokine levels and volumetric-linear parameters of ectopic fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023;16(Suppl. 2):13-18. DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).13-18.

References 

1. Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020 ;7:22. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022

2. Chusyd DE, Wang D, Huffman DM, Nagy TR. Relationships between rodent white adipose fat pads and human white adipose fat depots. Front Nutr. 2016; 3:10. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00010

3. Qi XY, Qu SL, Xiong WH, et al. Perivascular adipose tissue (pvat) in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018; 17: 134. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0777-x

4. Iacobellis G. Local and systemic effects of the multifaceted epicardial adipose tissue depot. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015; 11(6):363–371. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.58

5. Fujimoto S. Development of comprehensive coronary assessment using coronary computed tomography angiography - Possibility of novel imaging markers for coronary inflammation. International Journal of Cardiology. Elsevier BV. 2021: 363–371. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.05.025

6. Wu FZ, Wu CC, Kuo PL, Wu MT. Differential impacts of cardiac and abdominal ectopic fat deposits on cardiometabolic risk stratification. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016; 16(1):32. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0195-5

7. Goyal A. Is there a paradox in obesity? Cardiology Review. 2014; 22(4):163-170. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000 000004

8. Hong HC, Hwang SY, Park S. et al. Implications of Pericardial, Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue on Vascular Inflammation Measured Using 18FDG-PET/CT. PLoS One. 2015; 10: 94. DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.004

9. Fuster J.J. Obesity-induced changes in adipose tissue microenvironment and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research. 2016; 118(11): 1786-1807 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306885

10. Nakamura K, Fuster J, Walsh K. Adipokines: a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol. 2014; 63 (4): 250-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.11.006

УДК:7696.332-796.422.12/16:796.92-519.63

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).19-23

 MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF MAXILLOFACIAL COMPLICATIONS IN POST-COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

ISMAILOVA MUNOJAT KH., ORCID ID 0009-0004-4870-8873, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Medical Radiology, Tashkent Medical Academy, 2 Farabi str., Olmazar District, 100109 Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

YUNUSOVA LALITA R., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7807-9463, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Tarakkiet str., Yashnabad District, 100047 Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

KHAYDAROVA GUZAL B., ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1271-3828, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Medical Radiology, Tashkent Medical Academy, 2 Farabi str., Olmazar District, 100109 Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

ABDULLAYEVA LOBAR SH., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5769-3598, Assistant Professor at the Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Tarakkiet str., Yashnabad District, 100047 Tashkent, Uzbekistan; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

Abstract. Introduction. COVID-19 is widely known as a disease that causes respiratory dysfunction. However, it is also associated with many extrapulmonary manifestations and complications, such as gastrointestinal and hepatocellular complications, neurological diseases, and maxillofacial complications. Aim of this study was to describe the MSCT and MRI findings in 56 patients with COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Materials and Methods. CT and/ or MRI imaging was performed on 56 patients with diabetes mellitus who recovered after having been diagnosed with COVID-19 and had maxillofacial complications. Results and Discussion. All patients had sinusitis and ophthalmic symptoms. In all patients, there were the sequential anatomical lesions of nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, orbits, and lattice cells. Conclusions. Computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to evaluate the spread of rhino-orbital mucormycosis to detect bone destruction, infiltration, and tissue invasion. Computer tomography of paranasal sinuses is the method of choice at suspicion on mycotic infections, such as rhino-orbital mucormycosis. It is recommended to perform magnetic resonance tomography of soft tissues at suspicion on mycotic invasion beyond paranasal sinuses.

Keywords: multimodal imaging, complications, maxillofacial region, mucormycosis, MSCT, MRI, COVID-19.

For reference: Ismailova MKh, Yunusova LR, Khaydarova GB, Abdullayeva LSh. Multimodal imaging of maxillofacial complications in post-COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023; 16(Suppl.2):19-23. DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).19-23.

References

1. Юнусова Л.Р., Икрамов Г.О., Халманов Б.А., Сувонов К.Ж. МСКТ диагностика остеомиелита верхней челюсти, у пациентов перенесших COVID-19. Вестник современной клинической медицины. – 2022. – Т.15, вып.5. – С.81-85. [Yunusova LR, Ikramov GO, Halmanov BA, Suvanov KJ. MSKT diagnostika osteomielita verhnej chelyusti, u pacientov perenesshih COVID-19 [MSCT diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the upper jaw, in patients who underwent COVID-19]. Vestnik sovremennoj klinicheskoj mediciny [Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine.] 2022; (15)5:81-85. DOI:10.20969/ VSKM.2022.15(5).81-85

2. Yunusova LR, Khodjibekova YuM, et al. Visualization of complications of the middle zone of the person who underwent Covid-19. Pediatrics scientific and practical journal. 2021; 6: 25-31. DOI:10.37988/1811-153X_2022_2_94

3. Mehta S, Pandey A. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis associated with COVID-19. Cureus. 2020;12. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10726

4. Mazzai L, Anglani M, Giraudo C, et al. Imaging features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: from onset to vascular complications. Acta Radiol. 2022;63:232-244. DOI: 10.1177/0284185120988828

5. Sarkar S, Gokhale T, Choudhury SS, Deb AK. COVID-19 and orbital mucormycosis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69:1002-1004. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3763_20

6. Singh AK, Singh R, Joshi SR, Misra A. Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15:102146. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.019

7. Safder S, Carpenter JS, Roberts TD, Bailey N. The “black turbinate” sign: an early MR imaging finding of nasal mucormycosis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:771-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1808

8. Han Q, Escott EJ. The Black Turbinate Sign, A potential diagnostic pitfall: evaluation of the normal enhancement patterns of the nasal turbinates. Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40:855-861. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6037

9. Indiran V. “Guitar pick sign” on MRI. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019;67:1737. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_404_19

10. Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors. Med Mycol. 2019;57(suppl_2):S245-S256. DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz011

11. Parsi K, Itgampalli RK, Vittal R, Kumar A. Perineural spread of rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013;16:414-417. DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.116921

12. Shen G, Shen X, Pu W, et al. Imaging of cerebrovascular complications of infection. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2018;8: 1039-1051. DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.11.08

УДК:7696.332-796.422.12/16:796.92-519.63

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).24-28

 ROLE OF MSCT AND MRI IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDFACE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH FUNGAL PATHOLOGIES

ISRAILOVA MAKSUDA N., ORCID ID: 0009-0006-4512-018X, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Latin and Foreign Languages, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Maxtumkuli str., 100047 Tashkent, Yashnabad District, Uzbekistan; tel. +99-871-2302073

YUNUSOVA LALITA R., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7807-9463, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Uzbekistan, 100047, Tashkent, Yashnabad district, 103 Maxtumkuli Street, tel. +99-871-2302073; e-mail: lolita_yunusova@mail.ru

KHODJIBEKOVA YULDUZ M., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0058-5905, Dr. sc. med., Professor of the Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Maxtumkuli str., 100047 Tashkent, Yashnabad District, Uzbekistan; tel.: +99-871-2302073

YULDASHEVA DILSHODA YU., ORCID ID: 0009-0005-4868-301X, Senior Teacher at the Department of Latin and Foreign Languages, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Maxtumkuli str., 100047 Tashkent, Yashnabad District, Uzbekistan; tel. +99-871-2302073

Abstract. Introduction. Fungi are one of the constituents of an ecosystem. There are about 250 known human- pathogenic fungi species: From the widely spread Candida to the pathogene of aspergillosis that may lead to fatal consequences in certain conditions. Studies performed by Russian and foreign authors show the increase in the frequency of chronic sinusitis determined by the presence of fungi or fungal-microbial associations. Aim of this study is to perform the differential diagnosis of midface complications in patients with fungal pathology according to multispiral computed tomogrsphy and magnetic resonance tomography. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted based on the findings of multispiral computed and/or magnetic resonance tomographies of 68 patients. Presence of a fungal process was confirmed by histopathologic, mucroscopic, and cultural investigations. Results and Discussion. Histological investigations of surgical specimen detected the presence of fungal bodies formed by mycelium, i.e., a cluster of densely, compactly located fungal flocci in 28 of 48 (58.3 %): In 28 patients with maxilla sinus lesions, in 14 patients with sohenoidal sinus lesions, and in 5 patients with ethmoidal sinus lesions. In case of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, the computed tomography of paranasal sinuses detected mucosal thickening and the bone density decrease associated with an erosive process. Unilateral lesions, erosions, and thinning of the sinus bone walls. According to magnetic resonance tomography, there was low signal in T2 mode, which is determined by the high concentrations of various metal elements in fungi, as well as by a high protein level and low free water contents in mucine. Conclusions. Visualization is essential to staging the disease and assessing the involvement of deeper structures, which may be clinically unmanifest. Although both computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography are useful, the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance tomography is the method of choice and helps assess the spread of the disease, especially regarding the deep extension into maxilla-facial area and brain.

Keywords: fungus, CT, MRI, COVID-19, sinusitis.

For reference: Israilova MN, Yunusova LR, Khodjibekova YuM, Yuldasheva DYU. Role of MSCT and MRI in the differential diagnosis of midface complications in patients with fungal pathologies. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2023; 16(Suppl.2):24-28. DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).24-28.

References

1. Юнусова Л.Р., Икрамов Г.О., Халманов Б.А., Сувонов К.Ж. МСКТ диагностика остеомиелита верхней челюсти, у пациентов перенесших COVID-19 // Вестник современной клинической медицины. – 2022. – Т.15, вып.5. – С.81-85. [Yunusova LR, Ikramov GO, Halmanov BA, Suvonov KJ. MSKT diagnostika osteomielita verhnejchelyusti, u pacientov perenesshih COVID-19 [MSCT diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the upper jaw, in patients who underwent COVID-19].Vestnik sovremennoj klinicheskoj mediciny [Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine]. 2022; 15(5):81-85. (In Russ.)]. DOI:10.20969/ VSKM.2022.15(5).81-85.

2. Yunusova LR, Khodjibekova YuM, et al. Visualization of complications of the middle zone of the person who underwent Covid-19. Pediatrics scientific and practical journal. 2021; 6: 25-31. DOI:10.37988/1811-153X_2022_2_94

3. Mehta S, Pandey A. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis associated with COVID-19. Cureus. 2020;12. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10726

4. Mazzai L, Anglani M, Giraudo C, Martucci M, Cester G, Causin F. Imaging features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: from onset to vascular complications. Acta Radiol. 2022;63:232-244. DOI: 10.1177/0284185120988828

5. Sarkar S, Gokhale T, Choudhury SS, Deb AK. COVID-19 and orbital mucormycosis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69: 1002-1004. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3763_20

6. Singh AK, Singh R, Joshi SR, Misra A. Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15:102146. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.019

7. Safder S, Carpenter JS, Roberts TD, Bailey N. The “black turbinate” sign: an early MR imaging finding of nasal mucormycosis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:771-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1808

8. Han Q, Escott EJ. The Black Turbinate Sign, A potential diagnostic pitfall: evaluation of the normal enhancement patterns of the nasal turbinates. Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40:855-861. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6037

9. Indiran V. “Guitar pick sign” on MRI. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019;67:1737. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_404_19

10. Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors. Med Mycol. 2019;57(suppl_2):S245-S256. DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz011

11. Parsi K, Itgampalli RK, Vittal R, Kumar A. Perineural spread of rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013;16:414-417. DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.116921

12. Shen G, Shen X, Pu W, Zhang G, Lerner A, Gao B. Imaging of cerebrovascular complications of infection. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2018;8: 1039-1051. DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.11.08

УДК: 616.98-036-07-08:616.36-018.65

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).29-36

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2. Edgar NR, Saleh D, Miller RA. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017; 10(3): 26-36. DOI: 10.4103/0973-029X.86669

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УДК: 616.98-036-07-08:616.36-018.65

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).37-42

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УДК:7696.332-796.422.12/16:796.92-519.63

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).49-54

References 

УДК 615.322

DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).55-60

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REVIEWS

УДК:7696.332-796.422.12/16:796.92-519.63

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).68-74

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УДК: 575.224.22:[616-009.7: 615.211]

DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).75-82

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DOI:10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).83-90

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EXPERIENCE EXCHANGE

УДК: 616.127-005.4-073.756.8

DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2023.16(suppl.2).91-96

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